please comment to each post and ask each one a question .

1/ Correlation tells us that two variables fluctuate in a predictable pattern relative to each other, while causation means that one thing is a reason why something else happens (Ofsowitz, n.d.) It is a fallacy to confuse causation with correlation because neither of the two equals the other, meaning correlation does not necessarily indicate causation or vice versa. However, in some circumstances, there is a possibility wherein two separate cases may be caused by the same single set of conditions to which they may have a relationship. In situations that have been examined for a long time, certain things may appear to correlate but are not logically connected by causation.

A straightforward example is the idea of rain correlated with getting sick or catching a cold. Being out in the rain is usually associated with catching colds, but viruses make a person sick. So the cause of sickness is viruses. Another controversial statement that confuses causation and correlation is the idea of human races being correlated to crimes present. People assume that people with darker skin are people to avoid because they are likely to commit a crime. Logically, race doesn’t have anything to do with crimes being committed, but what causes people of color to commit crimes is racism, which contributes to a person’s economic status. This financial deficit is also correlated to race. Statistically speaking, people of color are more likely to live in poverty because they are being paid less and are being belittled, which hinders them from achieving the expected average life outcomes that Caucasians get to have. So, looking at it from a righteous perspective, it isn’t race that is the culprit, but poverty. And poverty, regardless of race, can cause anybody to do heinous things just for them to survive.

2)Causation and correlation are two related but distinct concepts used to describe the relationship between two things. Causation refers to the relationship between a cause and its effect. Correlation is associated with two things. It suggests that changes in one thing are associated with changes in another. kind of like cause and effect. Confusing causation and correlation are one of the most common mistakes people make. It is a fallacy to confuse causation and correlation because correlation does not necessarily imply causation. The fact that two variables are related in some way doesn’t always mean that one drives the other. Either there is a third variable that is responsible for the observed correlation, which is sometimes referred to as a  confusing variable, or the correlation might simply be a coincidence. 

An example that confuses causation with correlation is “Children who read more books have higher IQs, therefore reading books causes higher IQ.”

While it is true that there is a link between higher IQ and reading books, it’s not necessarily true that reading books causes higher IQ. What is true is that there is a correlation between reading books and higher IQ. Reading habits and IQ levels might both be affected by other factors, such as a person’s socioeconomic standing, hereditary, or access to better education, all of which could be counted as potential contributors to higher IQ.