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Part 4 | Research Proposal – Disseminating Findings for Business
Michelle Wells
Los Angeles Pacific University
PSYC 300: Research Methods in Psychology
Professor: Joshua P. Morgan, PsyD
February 25, 2023
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Part 4 | Research Proposal – Disseminating Findings for Business
Target Audience
The target audience for the nutrition and cardiac health questionnaire would be
individuals or organizations with a professional or personal interest in the health and well-being
of individuals. This may include healthcare professionals, public health organizations,
policymakers, researchers, and nutrition and health practitioners; as well as, individuals who are
at risk for or have a history of cardiovascular disease. The target audience would specifically be
individuals or organizations with a professional or personal interest in nutrition, as it relates to
cardiovascular health and disease prevention. Overall, the target audience would be interested in
understanding the link between plant-based nutrition and cardiovascular health and using this
information to make informed decisions that support nutrition and lifestyle choices that can
improve cardiovascular health outcomes. This may include recommendations for dietary
changes, physical activity, and other lifestyle modifications.
Diversity Included or Missing From Target Audience
The diversity included in the questionnaire includes age, gender, cultural practices,
ethnicity and race, socioeconomic status, dietary choices, and health status. The questionnaire
will target individuals of all ages, and is not geared towards a specific age range. Cardiovascular
disease can affect people of all ages, although the risk increases as people get older (Rodgers et
al., 2019). The questionnaire will consider differences in nutrition and health needs between
genders. Socioeconomic status will also be considered, as lower incomes may have less access to
healthy foods and/or healthcare services (Ohri-Vachaspati et al., 2019). In general, the nutrition
and health questionnaire will aim to be inclusive of individuals from diverse backgrounds and
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should account for different nutritional choices and considerations. Diversity missing from the
target audience for this questionnaire include geographic location and education level.
Literature that Informs the Research Need
There is an extensive amount of existing literature supporting the benefits of a plantbased diet on cardiovascular health. Several studies have indicated that plant-based diets,
particularly those rich in whole plant foods, can reduce the chances of developing cardiovascular
disease and improve cardiovascular health in people with existing heart disease (Quek et al.,
2021). However, there is limited information on the strengths of adopting a plant-based diet
earlier in life, particularly in childhood. The hypothesis for this study explains those who adopt a
plant-based diet in childhood have greater cardiovascular health compared to those who adopt a
plant-based diet later in life. Therefore, further research is needed to determine the optimal age
for adopting a plant-based diet for cardiovascular health.
How Diversity is Appropriately Captured by the RQ
The research question acknowledges the importance of considering age when examining
the effects of plant-based diets on cardiovascular health outcomes. It implies that the study will
include participants from different ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic backgrounds, which is
crucial given the known disparities in cardiovascular disease prevalence and outcomes among
different populations. By examining the effects of plant-based diets in a diverse population, the
study can provide insights into the potential benefits and challenges of promoting plant-based
nutrition as a public health intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk across different
populations.
Proposed Methodology
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The proposed research will answer the question, ” Do greater cardio-protective benefits
occur in those who adopt a plant-based diet in childhood?” To test the hypothesis, a newly
developed questionnaire will be administered. The decision to develop a new questionnaire to
answer the research question is to meet the specific needs of the proposed research. There are no
existing questionnaires that adequately capture the constructs or variables of interest in the
research question. In this case, developing a new questionnaire may be necessary to ensure that
the study measures the specific factors relevant to the research question. The questions will be
designed to gather information about participants’ experiences with adopting or not adopting a
plant-based diet, along with their heart condition diagnosis. The following are examples of the
type of questions that will be included in the questionnaire: “What is your current age?”, “At
what age did you become plant-based?”, and “At what age were you diagnosed with heart
disease?” This particular data collection approach is useful for its practicality and ability to
strategically manage the intended audience.
The questionnaire will be administered either in person, over the phone, or through an
online survey platform. The questionnaire in-person interviews can be conducted, either one-onone or in small groups. This approach may be more appropriate for populations who may have
limited literacy or language skills, or who may prefer to discuss their responses with a trained
interviewer. The questionnaire can be administered through phone interviews, where participants
can answer the questions over the phone with a trained interviewer. This approach may be more
appropriate for populations who may not have access to the internet or who may have limited
mobility. The questionnaire can be administered through an online survey platform. Participants
can be recruited through social media, email lists, or online communities, and can complete the
survey at their own convenience.
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Numerical data will be collected and analyzed using quantitative research techniques. To
test the hypothesis, a quantitative study will be done involving the collection of data from a large
sample of participants. Statistical analysis will be used to evaluate the strength and significance
of the connection between variables, and the drawing of conclusions based on the results.
Quantitative methodologies are useful for this study to allow researchers to quantify variables
and establish cause-and-effect relationships between nutrition and health outcomes. The
demographics, dietary patterns, and cardiovascular health outcomes of the study population will
be summarized using descriptive statistics, such as means, standard deviations, and frequencies.
Correlation analysis will be used to examine the associations between plant-based nutrition
variables and cardiovascular disease outcomes. Regression analysis will be used to examine the
relationship between plant-based nutrition and cardiovascular disease outcomes while controlling
for potential confounding variables. For example, researchers can use multiple regression
analysis to determine the independent effects of plant-based dietary intake on cardiovascular
health outcomes after adjusting for age, sex, and other relevant factors. Survival analysis can be
used to examine the relationship between plant-based nutrition and time-to-event outcomes, such
as the time to the onset of cardiovascular disease.
Multi-cultural Diversity Relevant to the Study and Population
Multi-cultural diversity is an important consideration in the study of plant-based nutrition
and cardiovascular disease because different cultural and ethnic groups may have different
dietary habits, beliefs, and practices that can impact their risk of developing cardiovascular
disease (Khanna, 2022). To ensure that the study is inclusive of multi-cultural diversity relevant
to the population, the research team should partner with community organizations and leaders to
identify and engage diverse populations. This strategy will aid in ensuring that participants in the
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study come from a variety of cultural backgrounds. It is important to consider the diversity of the
population and ensure that their perspectives and experiences are accurately represented in the
research (Willis et al., 2021). This can involve using a sampling strategy that includes a diverse
range of participants, such as individuals from different cultural backgrounds, age groups,
genders, and socioeconomic statuses. In addition, it may be necessary to use culturally
appropriate language and communication methods to ensure that all participants can fully engage
in the research process. Furthermore, it is important to consider how cultural differences may
affect the interpretation and analysis of the research data. This can involve being aware of
potential biases or assumptions that may be present in the research design, and taking steps to
mitigate these issues. For example, researchers may need to use culturally appropriate measures
and instruments to accurately capture the experiences and perspectives of diverse participants.
Impact for the Organization, Key Stakeholders, and/or Consumers
The potential impact of research on plant-based nutrition and cardiovascular disease can
be significant for various organizations, key stakeholders, and consumers. For organizations, the
research findings can inform the development of new products or services that promote plantbased nutrition and cardiovascular health. For example, food manufacturers can use the findings
to develop and market new plant-based products that appeal to health-conscious consumers.
Health insurance companies can use the findings to design and promote wellness programs that
encourage plant-based nutrition and prevent/reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease among
their members. Hospitals and healthcare systems can use the findings to develop nutrition
programs and services that support cardiovascular health and prevent readmissions for
cardiovascular-related conditions. For key stakeholders, such as government agencies,
policymakers, and advocacy groups, the research findings can inform the development of public
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health policies and guidelines that promote plant-based nutrition and cardiovascular health. For
example, government agencies can use the findings to develop and implement nutrition
education programs that promote plant-based nutrition and prevent/reduce the risk of
cardiovascular disease in vulnerable populations. Policymakers can use the findings to inform
legislation and regulations that support plant-based nutrition and prevent/reduce the prevalence
of cardiovascular disease in the population. For consumers, the research findings can provide
valuable information about the health benefits of plant-based nutrition and help them make
informed decisions about their dietary choices. Overall, research on plant-based nutrition and
cardiovascular disease can have a significant impact on organizations, key stakeholders, and
consumers, by informing product development, public health policies, and individual dietary
choices.
Positive Opportunities and Outcomes
Conducting research on the relationship between the association of a plant-based diet as it
relates to cardiovascular disease can have several positive opportunities and outcomes. One
potential benefit is the potential to improve public health outcomes. By identifying the benefits
of a plant-based diet for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, the results of the research
could help inform public health policies and guidelines that promote the consumption of plantbased foods earlier in life. This could ultimately lead to improved health outcomes for
individuals and communities, reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease and related health
conditions. Another positive opportunity is the potential to increase awareness and education
about the benefits of adopting a plant-based diet earlier in life. To reach a wide audience, the
results of the research could be disseminated through a variety of channels, such as academic
publications, media outlets, and public health campaigns. This could help educate individuals
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about the benefits of plant-based nutrition for cardiovascular health, and promote behavior
changes that could improve their health outcomes. Additionally, increased awareness and
education could help reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and related health
conditions, by encouraging individuals to adopt healthier lifestyles and dietary habits.
Potential Barriers, Limitations, and Challenges
Conducting research on the relationship between plant-based nutrition and cardiovascular
disease can also have several potential barriers, limitations, and challenges. One potential barrier
is that self-reported dietary data is prone to measurement errors, such as underreporting and
recall bias, which can affect the validity and accuracy of the study’s results. Researchers may
need to use more objective measures to validate self-reported dietary data, which can be costly
and time-consuming. Another potential limitation of conducting research on plant-based
nutrition and cardiovascular disease is the presence of confounding variables that can affect the
study’s results. For example, individuals who consume a plant-based diet may also have other
healthy lifestyle habits, such as regular exercise and not smoking, that can also reduce their risk
of cardiovascular disease. Researchers will need to control for these variables in their analyses to
ensure that the effects of plant-based nutrition on cardiovascular disease are not confounded by
other factors. However, controlling for multiple confounding variables can be complex and may
require large sample sizes to achieve statistical power. Overall, these potential barriers,
limitations, and challenges highlight the importance of carefully designing and conducting
research on plant-based nutrition and cardiovascular disease to ensure the validity and reliability
of the study’s results.
Ethical and Faith Implications, Interpretation, and Application
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Research on plant-based nutrition and cardiovascular disease can have ethical and faith
implications, interpretation, and application. One relevant scripture that can frame this discussion
is found in 1 Corinthians 6:19-20 (NIV), which states, “Do you not know that your bodies are
temples of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your
own; you were bought at a price. Therefore, honor God with your bodies.” One ethical
implication of this research is ensuring participants are fully informed of the risks and benefits of
the study, and that their autonomy and confidentiality are respected throughout the research
process (Gupta, 2013). This is in line with the principle of respect for persons, which is a core
ethical principle in research. Researchers should obtain informed consent from participants
before enrolling them in the study, and ensure that they understand the nature and purpose of the
research, as well as their rights and responsibilities as research subjects. Another ethical
implication of this research is the need to ensure that the study’s results are not misinterpreted or
misapplied in ways that could harm individuals or communities. For example, if the study finds
that a adopting a plant-based diet earlier in life is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular
disease, this should not be interpreted as a mandate for everyone to adopt a plant-based diet.
Rather, individuals should be encouraged to make informed decisions about their dietary choices
based on their personal health needs and preferences. From a faith perspective, this research can
also have implications for the stewardship of the human body. As stated in 1 Corinthians 6:1920, bodies are considered temples of the Holy Spirit and should be honored. This can be
interpreted as a call for each individual to care for their body through healthy lifestyle choices,
including dietary habits. However, it is important to balance this call with the recognition that
individual health needs and circumstances may vary. In summary, research on plant-based
nutrition and cardiovascular disease has important ethical and faith implications, interpretation,
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and application. By upholding ethical principles and considering scriptural teachings, researchers
can make certain that the research is carried out in a way that honors God and promotes the wellbeing of individuals and communities.
Multi-cultural Diversity Relevant to the Target Audience(s)
The target audience includes healthcare professionals, public health organizations,
policymakers, researchers, and nutrition and health practitioners; as well as, individuals who are
at risk for or have a history of cardiovascular disease. The proposed methodology and analysis
approach for research on plant-based nutrition and cardiovascular disease takes into
consideration impacts to multicultural diversity relevant to the target audience(s) in several ways.
First, the study will use a culturally sensitive approach by working with community
organizations and leaders to identify and engage diverse audiences who may be at risk for
cardiovascular disease. Second, the study will use a team of researchers and data analysts with
expertise in multicultural diversity and cultural competency, who can appropriately interpret and
analyze the data to account for cultural differences. This approach will help to ensure that the
study’s findings are appropriately interpreted and disseminated in ways that are relevant, easy to
understand, and meaningful to diverse groups of people. It may also involve engaging with
stakeholders from different cultural backgrounds to ensure that the research is being used in a
way that is respectful and culturally appropriate. By doing so, researchers can ensure that the
research is inclusive, respectful, and relevant to diverse audiences.
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References
Gupta U. C. (2013). Informed consent in clinical research: Revisiting few concepts and areas.
Perspectives in clinical research, 4(1), 26ò. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-3485.106373
Khanna, S. K. (2022). Cultural influences on food and dietary diversity. Ecology of Food and
Nutrition, 61(3), 271·2. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2022.2071263
Ohri-Vachaspati, P., DeWeese, R. S., Acciai, F., DeLia, D., Tulloch, D., Tong, D., Lorts, C., &
Yedidia, M. J. (2019). Healthy food access in low-income high-minority communities: A
longitudinal assessment°09°17. International Journal of Environmental Research
and Public Health, 16(13), 2354. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132354
Quek, J., Lim, G., Lim, W. H., Ng, C. H., So, W. Z., Toh, J., Pan, X. H., Chin, Y. H., Muthiah,
M. D., Chan, S. P., Foo, R. S., Yip, J., Neelakantan, N., Chong, M. F., Loh, P. H., &
Chew, N. W. (2021). The Association of Plant-based diet with cardiovascular disease and
mortality: A meta-analysis and systematic review of Prospect Cohort Studies. Frontiers
in Cardiovascular Medicine, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.756810
Rodgers, J. L., Jones, J., Bolleddu, S. I., Vanthenapalli, S., Rodgers, L. E., Shah, K., Karia, K., &
Panguluri, S. K. (2019). Cardiovascular risks associated with gender and aging. Journal
of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 6(2), 19.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd6020019
Willis, A., Isaacs, T., & Khunti, K. (2021). Improving diversity in research and trial
participation: The challenges of language. The Lancet Public Health, 6(7).
https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00100-6
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Part 4 | Research Proposal – Disseminating Findings for Business
Lizeth Alonzo
Los Angeles Pacific University
PSYC 300 Rsrch Mth Psyc
Professor Morgan
February 22, 2023
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Part 4 | Research Proposal – Disseminating Findings for Business
The intended audience for this assessment would be for anyone above the age of 18 and
up. To ensure that we do not need any parental authorization for the minors. Would be conducted
on both genders. As this assessment is to find the out what music says about peopleàpersonality
with the selection of music that they choose. Understanding why they choose the music they like
to listen to and what feelings do they have. Want to understand if personality is a factor or their
emotional states of mind.
Music, a sensational source of vibrations and sounds, of which people use to express
themselves (Dobrota, et al 2015). Music is a way to express emotions, thoughts, and experiences
and it even helps to go through different situations that people go through. Music can produce a
sensation of aww and even express as making you feel chills down your spine (Fricke, et al
2018). People choose music based on their mood and or the emotions that they are experiencing
(Dobrota, et al 2015). Throughout different research, surveys and studies that have been
conducted have shown that people choose their musical preference based their psychological
needs. Different search engines show the likes of what people are clicking on to listen too. Can
music say a lot of someoneàpersonality or just the emotional state of mind they are in? Is music
a selection of personality or both?
(e goal of the present research was to broaden the understanding of the factors that
shape the music preferences of ordinary music listeners, as opposed to trained musicians
(Rentfrow, Goldberg, Levitin, 2011). reating a questionnaire in the first section it will be a set
of question that will be aim towards narrowing down what type of music people listen to and at
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the same time the reason behind it. Having a set of target questions that will narrow down if
personality or emotions had a factor in the song chosen. With the result that is how the selection
of music will be chosen for the second part of the survey. The selection of music from the other
survey will be added and a set of question will be asked that will describe how the music makes
them feel. What emotion they are going through or is its different scenarios going on in their life
which is why they chose that music. The second part of it would be an in-person interview where
you just observe how people react to the music being played. Not only having them answer a set
of questions but observing the reaction can close the gap between personality and emotions
having played a factor in the selection. This will make the survey more credible and give more
accurate information since you are observing the induvial vs just reading whatàon the survey.
¡ce to face contact is particularly useful to detect respondent discomfort when discussing
sensitive issues or attempts to respond in a socially desirable way ((Methods of Survey Data
Collection | NBRI, n.d.)ƒonducting these two studies will be able to give us the answer of their selection of
music is choose based on their personality or emotions. Music goes with everything that goes in
everyoneàeveryday life. Individuals will be able to listen to a variety of music where they will
rate the songs and that will create a selection of music for the study. This will bring out the data
on what type of music was selected the most. The results will show all the selections of music
and if they were selected based on the emotions that they are going through. We have been able
to see that music is an important part of everyoneàeveryday life.
To be able to close the gap will need to use question that would show that personality had
a factor in the music selected by them. Since in every article we can see through the studies that
music is more of an emotion vs anything else (Fricke, et al 2018). Music is use as a therapy and
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we can see that there is emotion to selection of music chosen to listen to at that time (Dobrota, et
al 2015). Understanding that there is a connection between personality and the individuals state
of mind will have an effect in the music selection.
Through a Christian faith and throughout the bible we can see that music is an art that
helps us connect with different peopleàcultures and languages. ïme and hear, all you who
fear God, and I will tell what he has done for my soul(Psalm 66:16). Bible describes that music
has a powerful, deeper and a bigger purpose when Christian lifts their voices to worship. (e
power of great music lies in the power of the gospel story, of God calling his people home
(Martin, 2023).
usic has always had a divine power and spirituality to music (Martin, 2023).
Is a way to express your faith and love to God. éng to him, sing praise to him; tell of all his
wonderful acts(Psalm 105:2).
Through different assessment and going over the Bible the conclusion is that music is a
form of art. Which it is used to worship chosen by personality and emotions. Music is in all
genres, cultures, and different religions. This topic has a large target of audience that can be used
in different cultures and languages. Overall, with the studies being able to close the gap and
address it more as emotions and personality go hand in hand when choosing the music that is
chosen to be listen to. Music is use as a form of art that is used to express any emotion and it
chosen from any genre, language, and culture.
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References
Dobrota, S., & Ercegovac, I. R. (2015). The relationship between music preferences of different
mode and tempo and personality traits – implications for music pedagogy. Music
Education Research, 17(2), 234³4.
Fricke, K. R., Greenberg, D. M., Rentfrow, P. J., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2018). Computer-based
music feature analysis mirrors human perception and can be used to measure individual
music preference. Journal of Research in Personality, 75, 94p2.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2018.06.004
Martin, S. E. (2023, February). What Does the Bible Say About Music and What We Should
Listen To? Bible Study Tools. https://www.biblestudytools.com/bible-study/topicalstudies/the-beautiful-power-of-music-in-the-christian-life.html
Methods of Survey Data Collection | NBRI. (n.d.). National Business Research Institute.
https://www.nbrii.com/customer-survey-white-papers/methods-of-survey-data-collection/

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